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The Eastern Parkway Line is one of the lines of the IRT division of the New York City Subway, stretching from Downtown Brooklyn south along Flatbush Avenue and east along Eastern Parkway to Crown Heights. After passing Utica Avenue, the line rises onto an elevated structure and becomes the New Lots Line to the end at New Lots Avenue in East New York, Brooklyn. The west end of the Eastern Parkway Line is at the Joralemon Street Tunnel under the East River.〔Metropolitan Transportation Authority, (2006 Final Proposed Budget – November Financial Plan 2006-2009 ), : "Joralemon Tube to Nevins Street"〕〔Metropolitan Transportation Authority, (2005 Adopted Budget - February Financial Plan 2005–2008 ), : shows Utica Avenue on "EPK" and Sutter Avenue on "NLT"〕〔Metropolitan Transportation Authority, (2005 Final Proposed Budget - November Financial Plan 2005–2008 ), : "Sutter Avenue Portal to end"〕〔In a 1981 list of "most deteriorated subway stations", the MTA listed Borough Hall and Court Street stations as part of the New Lots Line: New York Times, Agency Lists Its 69 Most Deteriorated Subway Stations, June 11, 1981, section B, page 5〕〔The chaining designation "M" (Joralemon Street Tunnel) becomes "E" (Eastern Parkway Line) just west of the Borough Hall platforms; the Court Street and northern Borough Hall stations are chained "K" (Clark Street Tunnel).〕〔However, as of 2007, emergency exit signs label Court Street as an IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line station, and the two parts of Borough Hall are signed as being along the Broadway – Seventh Avenue and IRT Lexington Avenue Lines.〕 The IRT Nostrand Avenue Line splits from the local tracks of the Eastern Parkway Line south of the Franklin Avenue station. ==History== The Joralemon Street Tunnel, opened on January 1, 1908, was the first underwater subway tunnel connecting Manhattan and Brooklyn. Clifford Milburn Holland served as the assistant engineer during the construction of the tunnel. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on February 9, 2006. The original segment of the line included four stations from Borough Hall to Atlantic Avenue near the Flatbush Avenue LIRR station. Due to overcrowding on the Joralemon Street Tunnel, Holland decided to build a second tunnel under Clark Street providing passengers with a direct route to travel between Brooklyn and the west side of Manhattan. Construction of the Clark Street Tunnel negan on October 12, 1914, using a tunneling shield in conjunction with compressed air. The north tube was holed through on November 28, 1916.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Under-River Tunnel Headings Meet )〕 At 5,900 feet long, with about 3,100 feet underwater, the tunnel was finally opened for revenue service on Tuesday, April 15, 1919. This line was expanded as a part of the Dual Contracts from Atlantic Avenue east. The IRT Eastern Parkway Line was built from 1915 to 1918, from the section east of the Atlantic Avenue station to Utica Avenue and down the Nostrand Avenue Subway to Flatbush Avenue. The section of the subway from Grand Army Plaza to Nostrand Avenue was built in 1920 due to a subcontractor's bankruptcy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「IRT Eastern Parkway Line」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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